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结构(structure)和类型(type)定义时结构复用

石头 12月 21, 2016 Report 11,019 views 0

1, ABAP语法

TYPES BEGIN OF struc_type.
TYPES comp ...
TYPES comp TYPE struc_type BOXED. "参照另一结构类型
INCLUDE { {TYPE struc_type} | {STRUCTURE struc} } "将另一结构包括进来
[AS name [RENAMING WITH SUFFIX suffix]].
TYPES END OF struc_type.

INCLUDE { {TYPE struc_type} | {STRUCTURE struc} }
[AS name [RENAMING WITH SUFFIX suffix]].

具体也可以在abap编辑器中F1查看，

2, 语法解释

该语句只能用在定义结构的BEGIN OF与 END OF之间。作用是将结构类型struc_type与结构变量struc的所有组件字段拷贝到当前结构定义的指定位置，INCLUDE就是将可以重复使用的东西先做好，再包含进来。

AS name：给包含进来的结构类型（或结构变量）取一个别名，这样就可以通过结构组件符（-）来选取这个结构类型（或结构变量）

RENAMING WITH SUFFIX suffix：如果include进来的结构类型（或结构变量）的组件字段与现有的重复，则可以使用此选项重命名include进来的结构类型（或结构变量）的各组件字段名，具体做法只是在原来组件名后加上了指定的后缀suffix.

3, 实例

TYPES: BEGIN OF t_day,
         work TYPE c LENGTH 8,
         free TYPE c LENGTH 16,
       END OF t_day.
DATA BEGIN OF week.
        INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS monday    RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _mon.
        INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS tuesday   RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _tue.
        INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS wednesday RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _wed.
...
DATA END OF week.

TYPES: BEGIN OF t_day,

work TYPE c LENGTH 8,

free TYPE c LENGTH 16,

END OF t_day.

DATA BEGIN OF week.

INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS monday RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _mon.

INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS tuesday RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _tue.

INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS wednesday RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _wed.

...

DATA END OF week.

可以通下面的方式来访问week结构变量：

直接看作是week结构变量组件：week-work_mon, week-free_mon, week-work_tue

由于使用as别名，所以还可以这样访问：week-monday-work, week-monday-free, week-tuesday-work

当程序中多个结构使用共同的字段时，将公用的部分提取出来，使用INCLUDE将它们组装起来，编程结构更清晰。下面是结构对象的复用：

DATA: BEGIN OF comm1 OCCURS 0,
      bukrs TYPE bseg-bukrs,
END OF comm1.
TYPES:BEGIN OF comm2,
      blart TYPE bkpf-blart,
END OF comm2.
DATA: BEGIN OF gt_result OCCURS 0,
        c1 TYPE c."直接定义组件字段，但前面语句后面使用逗号
        INCLUDE STRUCTURE comm1."直接将结构对象包括进来
        INCLUDE TYPE comm2."直接将结构类型包括进来
        DATA:comm LIKE comm1,"直接参照
        c2 TYPE c. "直接定义组件字段，但前面语句后面使用逗号
DATA: END OF gt_result.
gt_result-bukrs = '111'.
gt_result-blart = '222'.
gt_result-comm-bukrs = '333'.

DATA: BEGIN OF comm1 OCCURS 0,

bukrs TYPE bseg-bukrs,

END OF comm1.

TYPES:BEGIN OF comm2,

blart TYPE bkpf-blart,

END OF comm2.

DATA: BEGIN OF gt_result OCCURS 0,

c1 TYPE c."直接定义组件字段，但前面语句后面使用逗号

INCLUDE STRUCTURE comm1."直接将结构对象包括进来

INCLUDE TYPE comm2."直接将结构类型包括进来

DATA:comm LIKE comm1,"直接参照

c2 TYPE c. "直接定义组件字段，但前面语句后面使用逗号

DATA: END OF gt_result.

gt_result-bukrs = '111'.

gt_result-blart = '222'.

gt_result-comm-bukrs = '333'.

下面是类型的复用：

TYPES: BEGIN OF street_type,
         name TYPE c LENGTH 40,
         no   TYPE c LENGTH 4,
       END OF street_type.
DATA: BEGIN OF comm1 OCCURS 0,
      bukrs TYPE bseg-bukrs,
END OF comm1.
TYPES: BEGIN OF address_type,
        name1 TYPE c LENGTH 30."直接定义类型，但前面语句需使用逗号
        TYPES:street TYPE street_type,"参照另一结构类型
        c TYPE c."直接定义类型，但前面语句需使用逗号
        INCLUDE STRUCTURE comm1.
        INCLUDE TYPE  street_type.
TYPES: END OF address_type.

TYPES: BEGIN OF street_type,

name TYPE c LENGTH 40,

no TYPE c LENGTH 4,

END OF street_type.

DATA: BEGIN OF comm1 OCCURS 0,

bukrs TYPE bseg-bukrs,

END OF comm1.

TYPES: BEGIN OF address_type,

name1 TYPE c LENGTH 30."直接定义类型，但前面语句需使用逗号

TYPES:street TYPE street_type,"参照另一结构类型

c TYPE c."直接定义类型，但前面语句需使用逗号

INCLUDE STRUCTURE comm1.

INCLUDE TYPE street_type.

TYPES: END OF address_type.

或者是这样:

TYPES: BEGIN OF address_type,
        name1 TYPE c LENGTH 30,
        street TYPE street_type,
        c TYPE c.
        INCLUDE STRUCTURE comm1.
        INCLUDE TYPE  street_type.
TYPES: END OF address_type.
DATA: name TYPE address_type-street-name.
DATA: name2 TYPE address_type-name.
DATA: bukrs TYPE address_type-bukrs.